MixingLab: D. H. Kelley & team: Publications

MixingLab Publications

Journal papers

Under review

ToRoCo: Rotating convection device with three-dimensional velocity measurements and boundary topography. X. Si, M. Y. Abdelshafy, A. Zeraatkardevin, A. Summers, C. Muir, J. S. Cheng, and D. H. Kelley. Submitted.
Permeability of the extracellular space in the rat, mouse, and human brain. A. Ranjan, Y. Guo, J. H. Thomas, D. H. Kelley, and K. A. S. Boster. Submitted.
Multimodal imaging maps spinal glymphatic transport in health and its disruption after injury. J. Kaur, M. J. Giannetto, D. T. Wong, D. H. Kelley, P. Weikop, and M. Nedergaard. Submitted.
Data-Efficient Neural Operators Enable Brain-Wide Glymphatic Velocity Field Estimation from DCE-MRI. Z. Wang, J. D. Toscano, Y. Guo, M. Vaezi, D. H. Kelley, G. E. Karniadakis, and K. A. S. Boster. Submitted.

2026

Robust MR-AIV: Robustness Improvement with an Anatomically Informed Permeability Initialization and Sensitivity Analysis of MR-AIV. M. Vaezi, J. D. Toscano, Y. Guo, R. S. Gomolka, G. E. Karniadakis, D. H. Kelley, and K. A. S. Boster. To appear in J. R. Soc. Interface.
MR-AIV reveals in vivo brain-wide fluid flow with physics-informed AI. J. D. Toscano, Y. Guo, Z. Wang, M. Vaezi, Y. Mori, G. E. Karniadakis, K. A. S. Boster, and D. H. Kelley. Sci. Adv. 2026.
Quantifying cerebrospinal fluid flow in pial perivascular spaces of rats. K. Quirk, A. Ladrón-de-Guevara, A. Raghunandan, H. Mestre, M. Nedergaard, and D. H. Kelley. Fluids Barr. CNS. 2026.
A time-dependent, brain-wide model of solute transport in the glymphatic system. Y. Gan, K. Quirk, K. A. S. Boster, J. H. Thomas and D. H. Kelley. J. R. Soc. Interface 2026.

2025

Amyloidosis of bridging veins is a novel pathologic feature of Alzheimer's disease. L. C. D. Smyth, D. Verhaege, E. Standen-Bloom, Y. Wu, Y. Gan, S. E. Storck, P. Boskovic, B. A. Plog, T. Mamuladze, J. A. Mazzitelli, Z. Wang, D. D. Lee, G. J. Randolph, A. Drieu, K. E. Schwetye, S. Hu, D. S. Reich, D. H. Kelley, R. I. Mehta, and J. Kipnis. J. Exp. Medicine 2025.
Resolving the mysteries of brain clearance and immune surveillance. J. Kipnis, H. Benveniste, A. Eichmann, J-L. Thomas, D. S. Reich, L. D. Lewis, L-H. Tsai, A. Drieu, E. N. T. P. Bakker, D. H. Kelley, I. Lundgaard, H. Mestre, B. Zott, P. K. Eide, M. J. P. van Osch, S. J. van Veluw, J. Iliff, A. C. Yang, L. Santambrogio, S. Da Mesquita, R. Daneman, J. Rustenhoven, S. A. Goldman, and M. Nedergaard. Neuron 2025.
Comparison of approaches for surface vessel diameter and pulsatility quantification. A. Ranjan, D. Wong, Q. Huang, H. Ghanizada, M. Nedergaard, D. H. Kelley, and K. A. S. Boster. J. Cerebr. Blood Flow Metab. 2025.
Antidispersion in flows in leaky channels. Y. Gan, Y. Guo, J. H. Thomas, K. A. S. Boster, J. K. Shang, and D. H. Kelley. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2025.
Dynamics of brain valves: Ostensible rectification mechanisms for cerebrospinal fluid flow. Y. Guo, P. A. R. Bork, M. Nedergaard, and D. H. Kelley. J. R. Soc. Interface 2025.
Advection and diffusion in perivascular and extracellular spaces in the brain. Y. Guo, K. Quirk, D. H. Kelley, and J. H. Thomas. J. R. Soc. Interface 2025.
Perivascular cerebrospinal fluid inflow matches interstitial fluid efflux in anesthetized rat brains. K. N. Mortensen, T. Lilius, M. Rosenholm, B. Sigurðsson, D. H. Kelley and M. Nedergaard. iScience 2025.
Current-driven flow transitions in laboratory liquid metal battery models. M. Y. Abdelshafy, B. Wang, I. Mohammad, J. S. Cheng, and D. H. Kelley. J. Fluid Mech. 2025.
A curious concept of CNS clearance. V. Plá, E. Kroesbergen, S. Deng, M. J. Giannetto, L. M. Hablitz, E. Newbold, A. Ladrón-de-Guevara, T. Esmail, R. S. Gomolka, Y. Mori, S. A. Goldman, D. H. Kelley, J. H. Thomas, and M. Nedergaard. Nat. Neurosci. 2025.

2024

Inferring in vivo murine cerebrospinal fluid flow using artificial intelligence velocimetry with moving boundaries and uncertainty quantification. J. D. Toscano, C. Wu, A. Ladrón-de-Guevara, T. Du, M. Nedergaard, D. H. Kelley, G. E. Karniadakis, K. A. S. Boster. Interface Focus 2024.
A brain-wide solute transport model of the glymphatic system. K. Quirk, K. A. S. Boster, J. Tithof, and D. H. Kelley. J. R. Soc. Interface 2024.
Restoration of cervical lymphatic vessel function in aging rescues cerebrospinal fluid drainage. T. Du, A. Raghunandan, H. Mestre, V. Plá, G. Liu, A. Ladrón-de-Guevara, E. Newbold, P. Tobin, D. Gahn-Martinez, S. Pattanayak, Q. Huang, W. Peng, M. Nedergaard, and D. H. Kelley. Nat. Aging 2024.
Gaps in the wall of a perivascular space act as valves to produce a directed flow of cerebrospinal fluid: A hoop-stress model. Y. Gan, J. H. Thomas, and D. H. Kelley. J. R. Soc. Interface. 2024.
Hydraulic resistance of three-dimensional pial perivascular spaces in the brain. K. A. S. Boster, J. Sun, J. K. Shang, D. H. Kelley, and J. H. Thomas. Fluids Barr. CNS. 2024.

2023

Potentiating glymphatic drainage minimizes post-traumatic cerebral edema. R. Hussain, J. Tithof, W. Wang, A. Cheetham-West, W. Song, W. Peng, B. Sigurdsson, D. Kim, Q. Sun, S. Peng, V. Plá, D. H. Kelley, H. Hirase, J. A. Castorena-Gonzalez, P. Weikop, S. A. Goldman, M. J. Davis, and M. Nedergaard. Nature 2023.
Geometry-induced rectification of looped oscillatory flows. R. Ibanez, A. Raghunandan, and D. H. Kelley. Phys. Rev. Fluids 2023.
Image Analysis Techniques for In Vivo Quantification of Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow. D. Kim, Y. Gan, M. Nedergaard, D. H. Kelley, and J. Tithof. Exp. Fluids 2023.
Perivascular pumping of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain with a valve mechanism. Y. Gan, S. Holstein-Rønsbo, M. Nedergaard, K. A. S. Boster, J. H. Thomas, and D. H. Kelley. J. R. Soc. Interface 2023.
Sizes and shapes of perivascular spaces surrounding murine pial arteries. N. Raicevic, J. M. Forer, A. Ladrón-de-Guevara, T. Du, M. Nedergaard, D. H. Kelley and K. Boster. Fluids Barr. CNS. 2023.
Glymphatic influx and clearance are accelerated by neurovascular coupling. S. Holstein-Rønsbo, Y. Gan, M. K. Rasmussen, B. Sigurdsson, F. R. M. Beinlich, L. Hablitz, M. Giannetto, L. Rose, D. H. Kelley, and M. Nedergaard. Nat. Neurosci. 2023.
Artificial intelligence velocimetry reveals in vivo flow rates, pressure gradients, and shear stresses in murine perivascular flows. K. A. S. Boster, S. Cai, A. Ladrón-de-Guevara, J. Sun, X. Zheng, T. Du, J. H. Thomas, M. Nedergaard, G. E. Karniadakis, and D. H. Kelley. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 2023.
Cerebrospinal fluid flow. D. H. Kelley and J. H. Thomas. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 2023.

2022

Laboratory model of electrovortex flow with thermal gradients, for liquid metal batteries. J. S. Cheng, I. Mohammad, B. Wang, J. M. Forer, and D. H. Kelley. Exp. Fluids 2022.
A bioinspired apparatus for modeling peristaltic pumping in biophysical flows. R. Ibanez and D. H. Kelley. Bioinsp. Biomemet. 2022.
Oscillations of the large-scale circulation in experimental liquid metal convection at aspect ratios 1.4–3. J. S. Cheng, I. Mohammad, B. Wang, D. F. Keogh, J. M. Forer, and D. H. Kelley. J. Fluid Mech. 2022.
A real-time in vivo clearance assay for quantification of glymphatic efflux. V. Plá, P. Bork, A. Harnpramukkul, G. Olveda, R. Hussain, W. Wang, D. H. Kelley, L. M. Hablitz, and M. Nedergaard. Cell Rep. 2022.
The glymphatic system: Current understanding and modeling. T. Bohr, P. G. Hjorth, S. C. Holst, S. Hrabětová, V. Kiviniemi, T. Lilius, I. Lundgaard, K.-A. Mardal, E. A. Martens, Y. Mori, U. V. Nagerl, C. Nicholson, A. Tannenbaum, J. H. Thomas, J. Tithof, H. Benveniste, J. J. Iliff, D. H. Kelley, and M. Nedergaard. iScience 2022.
Sensitivity analysis on a network model of glymphatic flow. K. A. S. Boster, J. Tithof, D. D. Cook, J. H. Thomas, and D. H. Kelley. J. R. Soc. Interface 2022.
A network model of glymphatic flow under different experimentally-motivated parametric scenarios. J. Tithof, K. A. S. Boster, P. A. R. Bork, M. Nedergaard, J. H. Thomas, and D. H. Kelley. iScience 2022.
Perivascular pumping in the mouse brain: Improved boundary conditions reconcile theory, simulation, and experiment. A. Ladrón-de-Guevara, J. K. Shang, M. Nedergaard, and D. H. Kelley. J. Theo. Bio. 2022.
Oscillating currents stabilize aluminium cells for efficient, low carbon production. I. Mohammad, M. DuPuis, P. D. Funkenbusch, and D. H. Kelley. JOM 2022.
A hydraulic resistance model for interstitial fluid flow in the brain. H. E. Schreder, J. Liu, D. H. Kelley, J. H. Thomas, and K. A. S. Boster. J. R. Soc. Interface 2022.

2021

A simple analytic model for peristaltic flow and mixing. R. Ibanez, M. Shokrian Amiri, J.-H. Nam, and D. H. Kelley. Phys. Rev. Fluids 2021.
Cerebrospinal fluid is a significant fluid source for anoxic cerebral oedema. T. Du, H. Mestre, B. T. Kress, G. Liu, A. M. Sweeney, A. J. Samson, M. K. Rasmussen, K. N. Mortensen, P. A. R. Bork, W. Peng, G. E. Olveda, L. Bashford, E. R. Toro, J. Tithof, D. H. Kelley, J. H. Thomas, P. G. Hjorth, E. A. Martens, R. I. Mehta, H. Hirase, Y. Mori, and M. Nedergaard. Brain 2021.
Formation of spiral waves in cylindrical containers under orbital excitation. G. M. Horstmann, S. Anders, D. H. Kelley, and T. Weier. J. Fluid Mech. 2021.
Brain cerebrospinal fluid flow. D. H. Kelley. Phys. Rev. Fluids 2021.
Microscale mechanisms of ultrasound velocity measurement in metal melts. B. Wang and D. H. Kelley. Flow Meas. Instrum. 2021.
Bulk flow of cerebrospinal fluid observed in periarterial spaces is not an artifact of injection. A. Raghunandan, A. Ladrón-de-Guevara, J. Tithof, H. Mestre, T. Du, M. Nedergaard, J. H. Thomas, and D. H. Kelley. eLife 2021.
Dispersion as a waste-clearance mechanism in flow through penetrating perivascular spaces in the brain. D. E. Troyetsky, J. Tithof, J. H. Thomas, and D. H. Kelley. Sci. Rep. 2021.

2020

Surface periarterial spaces in the mouse brain are open, not porous. F. Min-Rivas, J. Liu, B. C. Martell, T. Du, H. Mestre, M. Nedergaard, J. Tithof, J. H. Thomas, and D. H. Kelley. J. R. Soc. Interface 2020.
Endothelial cell apicobasal polarity coordinates distinct responses to luminally versus abluminally delivered TNF-α in a microvascular mimetic. A. T. Salminen, J. Tithof, Y. Izhiman, E. A. Masters, M. C. McCloskey, T. R. Gaborski, D. H. Kelley, A. P. Pietropaoli, R. E. Waugh, and J. L. McGrath. Integr. Biol. 2020.
Mechanically facilitated micro‐fluid mixing in the organ of corti. M. Shokrian Amiri, C. Knox, D. H. Kelley, and J.-H. Nam. Sci. Rep. 2020.
Efficient autocatalytic reactive mixing and solitary chemical waves in laminar flows. T. D. Nevins, D. E. Troyetsky, and D. H. Kelley. Phys. Rev. Fluids 2020.
Cerebrospinal fluid influx drives acute ischemic tissue swelling. H. Mestre, T. Du, A. M. Sweeney, G. Liu, A. J. Samson, W. Peng, K. N. Mortensen, F. F. Staeger, P. Bork, L. Bashford, E. R. Toro, J. Tithof, D. H. Kelley, J. H. Thomas, P. G. Hjorth, E. A. Martens, R. I. Mehta, O. Solis, P. Blinder, D. Kleinfeld, H. Hirase, Y. Mori, and M. Nedergaard. Science 2020. With commentary.

2019

Vertical shear alters chemical front speed in thin-layer flows. T. D. Nevins and D. H. Kelley. J. Fluid Mech. 2019.
Hydraulic resistance of perivascular spaces in the brain. J. Tithof, D. H. Kelley, H. Mestre, M. Nedergaard, and J. H. Thomas. Fluids Barr. CNS 2019.
Comparing free surface and interface motion in electromagnetically driven thin-layer flows. B. C. Martell, J. Tithof, and D. H. Kelley. Phys. Rev. Fluids 2019.
PDGF-B is required for development of the glymphatic system. A. S. Munk, W. Wang, N. B. Bèchet, A. X. Cheng, B. Sigurdsson, A. Benraiss, M. A. Mäe, B. T. Kress, D. H. Kelley, C. Betsholtz, K. Møllgârd, M. Nedergaard, and I. Lundgaard. Cell Rep. 2019.
Three-dimensional time-resolved trajectories from laboratory insect swarms. M. Sinhuber, K. van der Vaart, R. Ni, J. G. Puckett, D. H. Kelley, and N. T. Ouellette. Scientific Data 2019.

2018

Flow of cerebrospinal fluid is driven by arterial pulsations and is reduced in hypertension. H. Mestre, J. Tithof, T. Du, W. Song, W. Peng, A. M. Sweeney, G. Olveda, J. H. Thomas, M. Nedergaard, and D. H. Kelley. Nat. Commun. 2018.
Transcranial optical imaging reveals a pathway for optimizing the delivery of immunotherapeutics to the brain. B. A. Plog, H. Mestre, G. Olveda, H. M. Kenney, A. Cove, K. Y. Dholakia, T. Nevins, J. Tithof, I. Lundgaard, T. Du, D. H. Kelley, and M. Nedergaard. JCI Insight 2018.
Three-dimensionality of one- and two-layer electromagnetically driven thin-layer flows. J. Tithof, B. Martell, and D. H. Kelley. Phys. Rev. Fluids. 2018.
Front tracking velocimetry in advection-reaction-diffusion systems. T. D. Nevins and D. H. Kelley. Chaos 2018.
Fluid mechanics of liquid metal batteries. D. H. Kelley and T. Weier. Appl. Mech. Rev. 2018.
Competing forces in liquid metal electrodes and batteries. R. F. Ashour, D. H. Kelley, A. Salas, M. Starace, N. Weber, and T. Weier. J. Power Sources 2018.

2017

Optimal stretching in the reacting wake of a bluff body. J. Wang, J. Tithof, T. D. Nevins, R. O. Colón, and D. H. Kelley. Chaos 2017.
Front tracking for quantifying advection-reaction-diffusion. T. D. Nevins and D. H. Kelley. Chaos 2017. Supplementary software: FrontTracking.zip
Molten amide-hydroxide-iodide electrolyte for a low-temperature sodium-based liquid metal battery. R. F. Ashour, H. Yin, T. Ouchi, D. H. Kelley, and D. R. Sadoway. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2017.

2016

A coin vibrational motor swimming at low Reynolds number. A. C. Quillen, H. Askari, D. H. Kelley, T. Friedman, and P. W. Oakes. Regul. Chaot. Dyn. 2016.
Optimal stretching in advection-reaction-diffusion systems. T. D. Nevins and D. H. Kelley. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2016.

2015

Ultrasound velocity measurement in a liquid metal electrode. A. Perez and D. H. Kelley. J. Visualized Exp. 2015.

2014

Mixing in a liquid metal electrode. D. H. Kelley and D. R. Sadoway. Phys. Fluids 2014.
Searching for effective forces in laboratory insect swarms. J. G. Puckett, D. H. Kelley, and N. T. Ouellette. Sci. Rep. 2014.

2013

Lagrangian Coherent Structures separate dynamically distinct regions in fluid flows. D. H. Kelley, M. R. Allshouse, and N. T. Ouellette. Phys. Rev. E. 2013. Featured in PRE Kaleidoscope.
Quantifying stretching and rearrangement in epithelial sheet migration. R. M. Lee, D. H. Kelley, K. N. Nordstrom, N. T. Ouellette, and W. Losert. New J. Phys. 2013. Featured among the Highlights of 2013.
Emergent dynamics of laboratory insect swarms. D. H. Kelley and N. T. Ouellette. Sci. Rep. 2013. Featured by Yale News, Yale Daily News, and New Haven Register.

2012

Effects of forcing geometry on two-dimensional weak turbulence. Y. Liao, D. H. Kelley, and N. T. Ouellette. Phys. Rev. E 2012.

2011

Spatiotemporal persistence of spectral fluxes in two-dimensional flow. D. H. Kelley and N. T. Ouellette. Phys. Fluids 2011.
Numerical and experimental investigations of shear-driven inertial oscillations in an Earth-like geometry. H. Matsui, M. M. Adams, D. H. Kelley, S. A. Triana, D. S. Zimmerman, B. A. Buffett, and D. P. Lathrop. Phys. Earth Plan. Int. 2011.
Mechanisms driving shape distortion in two-dimensional flow. A. de Chaumont Quitry, D. H. Kelley and N. T. Ouellette. Europhys. Lett. 2011.
Onset of three-dimensionality in electromagnetic thin-layer flows. D. H. Kelley and N. T. Ouellette. Phys. Fluids. 2011.
Separating stretching from folding in fluid mixing. D. H. Kelley and N. T. Ouellette. Nat. Phys. 2011.
Using particle tracking to measure flow instabilities in an undergraduate laboratory experiment. D. H. Kelley and N. T. Ouellette. Am. J. Phys. cover with multimedia, 2011.

2010

Scale-dependent statistical geometry in two-dimensional flow. S. T. Merrifield, D. H. Kelley, and N. T. Ouellette. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2010.
Scale-local velocity fields from particle tracking data D. H. Kelley and N. T. Ouellette. Chaos 2010.
Selection of inertial modes in spherical Couette flow. D. H. Kelley, S. A. Triana, D. S. Zimmerman, and D. P. Lathrop. Phys. Rev. E 2010.

2008

Hopf bifurcations with fluctuating gain. S. A. Triana, D. H. Kelley, D. S. Zimmerman, D. R. Sisan, and D. P. Lathrop. Astron. Nachr. 2008.

2007

Inertial waves driven by differential rotation in a planetary geometry. D. H. Kelley, S. A. Triana, D. S. Zimmerman, A. Tilgner, and D. P. Lathrop. Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn. 2007.
The spatial correlations of dissipation and production rates in turbulent boundary and mixing layers. J. D. Diorio, D. H. Kelley, and J. M. Wallace. Phys. Fluids 2007.

2006

Driven inertial waves in spherical Couette flow. D. H. Kelley, S. A. Triana, D. S. Zimmerman, B. Brawn, D. P. Lathrop, and D. H. Martin. Chaos 2006.

Theses

Pumping and mixing of cerebrospinal fluid in the glymphatic system. Y. Gan, 2024.
Fluid transport in oscillatory flows. R. Ibanez, 2023.
On stabilizing aluminium electrolysis cells with oscillating currents. I. Mohammad, 2023.
Ultrasound measurement in metal melts: Microscale mechanisms and improvements. B. Wang, 2022.
Fronts and Filaments: Methods for tracking and predicting the dynamical effects of advection on excitable reactions. T. D. Nevins, 2019.
Tackling Key Engineering Challenges in Liquid Metal Batteries: Temperature and Mass Transport. R. A. Ashour, 2018.
Calibration of a plenoptic camera for use in three-dimensional particle tracking. R. L. Bierasinski, 2014.
Rotating, hydromagnetic experiment modelling planetary cores. D. H. Kelley, 2009.

Conference proceedings

Investigation of Echo Source and Signal Deterioration in Ultrasound Measurement of Metal Melt. B. Wang, A. Caldwell, A. Allanore, and D. H. Kelley. TMS 2022 Conference Proceedings.
Stabilizing electrolysis cells with oscillating currents: Amplitude, frequency and current efficiency. I. Mohammad, M. DuPuis, P. D. Funkenbusch, and D. H. Kelley. TMS 2022 Conference Proceedings.
Stabilizing a low-dimensional model of magnetohydrodynamic instabilities in aluminum electrolysis cells. I. Mohammad and D. H. Kelley. TMS 2022 Conference Proceedings.
UDV methods for characterizing flows in liquid metal batteries. J. S. Cheng, B. Wang, I. Mohammad, G. M. Horstmann, and D. H. Kelley. Proceedings of ISUD 13, ETH Zurich, 13-15 June 2021.
Optimal Vessel Materials for Indirect-contact Ultrasound Measurements. B. Wang and D. H. Kelley. Proceedings of ISUD 13, ETH Zurich, 13-15 June 2021.
Convection-diffusion model of Lithium-Bismuth liquid metal batteries. R. F. Ashour and D. H. Kelley. Mat. Proc. Fund. 2018.